Rostov-na-Donu, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
student from 01.01.2017 until now
Ust'-Labinsk, Russian Federation
graduate student
Russian Federation
In the context of the globalization of the world economy, foreign trade requires a qualified approach, which includes the management of a fairly extensive area of economic activity. A thorough analysis of foreign economic activity is necessary, because it is required by modern methods of doing business, trying to enter the international trade arena
export, import, foreign economic activity, pandemic
В 2020 году мировая экономика и торговля в связи с пандемией Covid-19 столкнулись с беспрецедентным в мирное время шоком, его особенностью является то, что государства сами накладывают ограничения на экономическую активность и трансграничный поток товаров, услуг. При этом ущерб по макропоказателям больше, чем во время финансово-экономического кризиса 2008-2009 годов.
Экономические потрясения, вызванные Covid-19, сильно повлияли на экспорт и импорт. Падение мировой торговли товарами в 2020 году составила 16,5%. [4]
Внешнеэкономическая деятельность (ВЭД)¾отрасль хозяйственной деятельности, которая осуществляется в производственной, научно¾технической сфере, экспорте и импорте товара и выходе предприятия на международный рынок. Анализ внешнеэкономической деятельности нужен для достижения максимальной эффективности при реализации товаров.[1]
Виды внешнеэкономической деятельности:[2]
- Внешнеторговая деятельность ¾ экономическая деятельность, связанная с экспортом и импортом товаров и услуг;
- Производственная кооперация ¾ взаимодействие производителей товаров, которое подразумевает размещение производственных предприятий на территории разных стран;
- Международное инвестиционное сотрудничество¾ подразумевает сотрудничество с иностранными партнерами, направленное на повышение конкурентоспособности и продвижение товаров и услуг на мировом рынке;
- Валютно-финансовые и кредитные операции ¾ вид внешнеэкономической деятельности, сопровождающий внешнеторговую сделку в виде финансовых обязательств.
Органы государственного управления внешнеэкономической деятельностью в Российской Федерации[3]:
- Президент РФ;
- Правительство РФ:
- Министерство внешне-экономических связей РФ;
- Государственный таможенный комитет;
- Валютно-экономическая комиссия РФ;
- Центральный Банк РФ.
- Минэкономразвития РФ.
Характеристика состояния социально¾экономического развития Российской Федерации в части внешнеэкономической сферы:
Товарооборот Российской Федерации за 2019 год составил $668,8 млрд, а в 2020 году снизился на 15,1 % и составил $567,8 млрд. [5]
Экспорт из России в 2019 году составил $424,5 млрд., а 2020 году снизился по сравнению с предыдущим годом на 20,7% и составил $336,4 млрд. [6]
Основные экспортируемые товары за 2020 год (рис. 1).
Рис. 1 ¾ Экспортируемые товары в 2020 г.
Импорт в Россию в 2019 году составил $244,3 млрд., а в 2020 снизился на 5,29% и составил $231,4 млрд.[6]
Основные импортируемые товары за 2020 год.(рис 2)
Рис. 2 ¾ Основные импортируемые товары
В 2021 году пред Минэкономразвития России стоит задача по стимулированию экспорта, а так же задача по адаптации внешнеэкономической деятельности к новым, вызовам 2021 года.
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